Native American Encyclopedia Papoose To Rosebud Reservation

Native American Encyclopedia Papoose To Rosebud Reservation — page 7
10 Peace Commission of 1867 Peace Commission of 1867 was enacted by Congress to persuade various tribes to give up their lands and move to a reservation in South Dakota Oklahoma or Arizona This was an attempt to remove the Native Americans who had been fighting for land rights with the incoming settlers The Native Americans were able to fight more freely because the federal troops that once protected the settlers were busy fighting in the Civil War Some tribe leaders agreed to move to continue their way of life However settlers quickly violated treaties and moved onto reservation lands This led to bloody conflicts such as the Red River War See also Red River War Peace medals were a gesture of goodwill During the 1800s officials of the United States often presented peace medals to Native American chiefs during the signing of treaties Explorers Lewis and Clark also presented peace medals as a way to befriend tribal chiefs they met along their journey See also Lewis and Clark Expedition Peace pipes are used by many Native American tribes during spiritual ceremonies to meet strangers or to decide on war or peace During some typical ceremonies the pipe holder says a prayer to the North South East West Mother Earth and Father Sky The pipe smoker believes that the burning tobacco carries his prayers up to the Great Spirit Different tribes make pipes out of different materials The most familiar is the long peace pipe of the Sioux and other tribes of the Plains These pipes have a wooden stem attached to a bowl that holds the tobacco The bowl is carved from a type of stone called catlinite or pipestone The Iroquois and Cherokee tribes make smaller one-piece stone and ceramic pipes The Southwest tribes make wood and antler pipes Other ceremonial pipes are the medicine pipe and the war pipe In the past a warrior decorated the war pipe with red feathers which represented blood and smoked it before battle Settlers invented the tomahawk pipe that served as both a weapon and a smoking pipe They often presented this pipe as gifts to tribal leaders at treaty signings words to know catlinite KAT-leh-NITE or pipestone is a type of brownish-red rock made from clay ransom RAN-some payment demanded for the return of a captured person