Bridges

Bridges — page 1 — Before & After Reading Activities Level R Word Count 2,345 Words 100th word away page 4 Before Reading Building Academic Vocabulary and Background Knowledge Before reading a book it is important to tap into what your child or students already know about the topic This will help them develop their vocabulary increase their reading comprehension and make connections across the curriculum about in the book’s chapters 1 Look at the cover of the book What will this book be 2 What do you already know about the topic 3 Let’s study the Table of Contents What will you learn about 4 What would you like to learn about this topic Do you think you might learn about it from this book Why or why not 5 Use a reading journal to write about your knowledge of 6 Read the book 7 8 After reading the book complete the activities below In your reading journal record what you learned about the topic and your response to the book this topic Record what you already know about the topic and what you hope to learn about the topic Content Area Vocabulary Read the list What do these words mean abutments anchored ancient aqueduct arch cables caissons deck engineers pilings ravine rivets span viaduct After Reading Comprehension and Extension Activity After reading the book work on the following questions with your child or students in order to check their level of reading comprehension and content mastery 1 How does weather and climate affect a bridge Asking questions 2 What factors need to be considered when designing a bridge Summarize 3 Why is it important for bridges to be strong but lightweight Infer 4 What kinds of materials are used to build bridges How do these materials differ based on the 5 Many bridges were mentioned in the text Have you ever crossed or seen any of the mentioned Extension Activity bridges Share your thoughts on seeing or crossing the bridge Text to self connection location of the bridge Summarize Can you build a bridge Using Popsicle sticks and glue engineer a bridge that will hold five pounds and spans at least 15 inches across What type of bridge did you create Did you have to redesign your bridge during the process Why

Bridges — page 2 — Table of Contents The First Bridges 4 Hanging from Rope and Steel 12 Arching Above 22 Trusses and Cantilevers 28 A Difficult Job 36 Timeline 44 Glossary 46 Index 47 Show What You Know 47 Websites to Visit 47 About the Author 48

Bridges — page 3 — The First Bridges For thousands of years people have faced the same problem How can we get from one place to another when something blocks our way It might be a rushing river Or it might be a huge cavern or a deep ravine The answer to that question is to build a bridge Early bridges were simple The first bridge might have been a fallen tree laid across a river to create a walkway A fallen tree was a good solution for crossing a narrow body of water but it was not the safest or most reliable way It could wash away or shift or it could be scary to walk across its uneven surface Also what if people needed a bridge and there were no trees around A simple structure called a beam bridge provided a solution A fallen tree is a natural bridge However people soon realized they could build better stronger bridges to help them cross bodies of water 4

Bridges — page 4

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