Brain Science

Brain Science — page 5

Brain Science — page 6 — EEG machines are commonly used in Human to Rat brain research Telepathy Soon after the Duke University study Ethical questions About Telepathy was published other researchers provided further evidence a BTBI was possible Scientists at Harvard University led by Seung Schik Yoo tested a noninvasive BTBI Unlike the Duke test this team s research did not involve cutting into the head to place electrodes directly on the brain Electrodes were placed on human volunteers scalps and connected to an electroencephalograph Bioethicists experts who study ethics in biological research have raised questions about BTBIs Bioethicists John Trimper Paul Wolpe and Karen Rommelfanger of Emory University believe reading or sending thoughts could be an invasion of personal privacy especially if it is done without permission They also worry that Since BTBIs can be transmitted over the internet hackers could interfere with people s neur devices Other concerns include the ability for criminals to silently communicate crime plans and the possibility of emotional harm to test subjects Bioethicists point out any technology can be used for good or bad Still technology Writer Sebastian Anthony writes that BTBIs are terrifying if you stop to think about the nefarious possibilities of a dictatorship with mind control tech EEG machine a device that records electric activity in the brain The rats in the study were hooked up to a focused ultrasound FUS machine The machine focuses sound waves on a particular brain area In this case it was used to stimulate the part of the rats brains that controls tail movement A computer connected the EEG and FUS machines Researchers instructed each human volunteer to think about moving a rat's tail The EEG recorded the brain signals created by this thought and the computer sent the signals to a rat s brain through the FUS machine The rats moved their tails 94 percent of the time 9

Brain Science — page 7 — TMS Procedures Human to humanTMs involves generating a magnetic field in close proximity to Telepathy the brain The work at Duke and Harvard showed animal to animal and human to animal brain communication is possible In 2013 researchers at the University of Washington When a patient arrives for a TMS procedure to treat depression migraines or other issues he or she first enters the treatment room and sits in a reclining chair The patient puts on earplugs to protect against the loud noises of the TMS cot The magnet is turned on and its strength is increased until the patient's hands start twitching This tells the doctor how intense the TMS should be The procedure then begins The patient feels clicking and tapping on his or her head TMS typically lasts approximately 40 minutes took the next step creating a human to human brain interface Computer science and engineering professor Rajesh Rao and psychology professor Andrea Stocco showed two human minds can communicate with thoughts Rao wore a cap connected to an EEG machine which was connected to a computer Rao played a simple computer game using only his thoughts Thoughts about actions create brain signals identical to those created when an action is actually performed In another building Stocco wore a cap with a transcranial magnetic stimulation TMS coil placed over his left motor cortex the area of the brain that controls movements of the right hand TMS uses magnetic fields to influence specific areas of the brain It has been used to treat migraines and depression as well as to diagnose brain disorders Stocco had a computer keyboard in front of him but no computer screen He wore earphones that prevented him from hearing when the TMS coil became active 10

Brain Science — page 8

7

PAGE 7 OF 109

The only kids' eBook subscription service that offers thousands of high-quality books from well known publishers like HarperCollins, National Geographic and others.

JavaScript Required

Whoops! We're sorry but Epic doesn't work properly without JavaScript enabled. Check your web browser's settings to make sure it's enabled.