Ancient Mesopotamia

Ancient Mesopotamia — page 7 — Her poetic works written in approximately 2300 BCE were the first to be credited to a specific person rather than being anonymous This gave her an unprecedented legacy Historians do not know her birth name Enheduanna was the name she took on when she became high priestess a common practice among religious leaders to this day Just as Pope Francis is not addressed by his birth name of Jorge Bergoglio Enheduanna did not refer to herself by her birth name It is unlikely we will ever know what it was Most of what historians know about Enheduanna comes from two sources the text of her 47 surviving hymns and a calcite engraving called the Disk of Enheduanna These artifacts say relatively little about her daily life or her personal history outside of the public eye but they say a great deal about her far-reaching priorities Her temple dedications tell us she was talented at describing gods the communities that worshiped them and how the two were connected She likely spent much of her daily life in the giparu or priest’s home in the Sumerian city of Ur Her religious duties involved rituals we now know little about She would have probably washed and maintained the statues of the gods overseen sacrifices pronounced blessings and written hymns She also would have predicted the future kept detailed records on the movement 8 ABD_ANC_MES_FPGS indd 8 10 30 14 11

Ancient Mesopotamia — page 8 — of the moon and the stars delivered public speeches and managed the massive network of temples These buildings were the most important social and cultural institutions of their time As high priestess she would have also been regarded as the wife of the moon god Nanna This made her a symbol of fertility power and wisdom for the entire nation The people of Ur worshiped their gods in temples built on top of pyramid-shaped platforms called ziggurats 9 ABD_ANC_MES_FPGS indd 910 30 14 11

Ancient Mesopotamia — page 9 — A CLOSER LOOK THE DISK OF ENHEDUANNA Carved from a durable off-white mineral called calcite the 3,000-year-old Disk of Enheduanna is approximately ten inches 25 cm in diameter and three inches 7 cm thick roughly the size of an average pie 1 Wearing an ornate headdress and textured robes Enheduanna second from left is taller than the three other figures in the carving Standing in front of her on the left is a naked man at what may be an altar Standing behind her are two more plainly dressed figures whose genders are unknown The specific context of this disk including the exact ceremony it depicts and the role of each figure is lost to history 10 ABD_ANC_MES_FPGS indd 1010 30 14 1

Ancient Mesopotamia — page 10 — 11 ABD_ANC_MES_FPGS indd 1110 30 14 1

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